Oklahoma e-bike laws

Alabama

A bicycle with fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat, and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 pedal assist to 20 mph, Class 2 throttle to 20 mph, and Class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Code of Alabama §32-1-1.1(16) and regulated by §32-5A-267, both from HB 99 (Act 2021-134).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 and Class 3 assist only while the rider pedals, cutting out at 20 and 28 mph; Class 2 may be propelled by the motor alone, to 20 mph
The motor must disengage when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Class 3 riders must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Class 3 riders and passengers of any age must wear a bicycle helmet meeting CPSC or ASTM standards, and a Class 3 must have a speedometer
As on any bicycle, riders and passengers under 16 must wear a helmet on a public road, path or park
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, including streets, highways, shoulders, bike lanes and bicycle or multi-use paths
After notice and a public hearing, a county or city may ban Class 1 and 2 from a bicycle or multi-use path for safety or legal reasons, and may ban Class 3 outright
Those local path rules don't cover natural-surface trails designated nonmotorized
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle: no driver's license, registration, title, plate or insurance
Excluded from Alabama's motor-driven cycle and off-road vehicle laws

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Alaska In review

We're compiling Alaska's e-bike rules from the state legislature and DMV. Check back soon.

Check an e-bike in Alaska

Arizona

A bicycle or tricycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 pedal assist to 20 mph, Class 2 throttle to 20 mph, and Class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Arizona Revised Statutes §28-101 and regulated by §28-819.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 and Class 3 assist only while the rider pedals, cutting out at 20 and 28 mph; Class 2 may be propelled by the motor alone, to 20 mph
May have two or three wheels
Carries a permanent label, in at least 9-point type, stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle, except where a local authority regulates it otherwise
Not a vehicle or motor vehicle under Arizona law, and excluded from the moped, motorcycle and motor driven cycle definitions
No title, registration, vehicle license tax, driver's license or insurance
No statewide minimum age or helmet requirement; cities may set their own
Class 1 and Class 2 may ride bicycle and multi-use paths, but the local authority or state agency over a path may ban them
Class 3 is kept off bicycle and multi-use paths unless the path runs within or beside a road or the agency over it allows it

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Arkansas

A bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 pedal assist to 20 mph, Class 2 throttle to 20 mph, and Class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Arkansas Code §27-51-1702 and regulated by the rest of the Electric Bicycle Act, §§27-51-1701 to 1706 (Act 956 of 2017).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 and Class 3 assist only while the rider pedals, cutting out at 20 and 28 mph; Class 2 may be propelled by the motor alone, to 20 mph
Class 1 and 3 motors stop when the rider stops pedaling; a Class 2 motor stops when the brakes are applied
Carries a permanent label, in at least 9-point type, stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Class 3 riders must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Class 3 riders and passengers under 21 must wear a bicycle helmet meeting 16 CFR part 1203, and a Class 3 must have a speedometer
Class 1 and Class 2 may ride bicycle and multi-use paths where bicycles are allowed, but the local authority over a path may ban them
Class 3 is kept off bicycle and multi-use paths unless the path runs within or beside a road or the local authority allows it
In state parks, Class 1 may ride any trail designated for bicycles; Class 2 and 3 may ride park roads but not mountain bike or multi-use trails
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle and is not a motor vehicle: no driver's license, registration, title or insurance
Excluded from Arkansas's motorized bicycle definition

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California

A bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts, in one of three classes: pedal-assist to 20 mph, throttle-capable to 20 mph, or pedal-assist to 28 mph with a speedometer. Defined by California Vehicle Code §312.5, as amended by SB 1271 (Chapter 791, Statutes of 2024), and regulated by §§21207.5 (as amended by AB 1909, Chapter 343, Statutes of 2022), 21212, 21213 and 24016.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Fully operable pedals and an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts
A Class 1 or Class 3 motor can't propel it on its own; Class 1 and Class 2 stop assisting at 20 mph, Class 3 at 28 mph, and a Class 3 must have a speedometer
Not an electric bicycle once modified so the motor alone can exceed 20 mph, the motor exceeds 750 watts, or the pedals are removed
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage; it may be modified only if it still meets the definition and its label is replaced to match
No one may sell a product, device or app that changes an electric bicycle's speed so it no longer meets the definition
Must meet the CPSC's bicycle requirements, and its motor must cut out when the brakes are applied or a switch is released
Since January 1, 2026, may only be sold with a battery tested by an accredited laboratory and marked with that laboratory's name or logo
Not a motor vehicle: no driver's license, registration, license plate or insurance
Riders under 18 must wear a bicycle helmet; on a Class 3, every rider and passenger must wear one; a minor's helmet ticket is excused by proof of a helmet and completion of the CHP's e-bike safety course
Riders must be 16 or older to ride a Class 3, and since January 1, 2026 a Class 3 can't be sold to anyone under 16
Must show a red reflector, or a solid or flashing red light with a built-in reflector, on the rear at all times, not only after dark
Ridden wherever bicycles may go, Class 3 included: since January 1, 2023 no class is barred from bike paths, bikeways or bike lanes, though a local authority may ban any class from an equestrian, hiking or recreational trail it manages, and State Parks from any bicycle path or trail
No city or county may require it to be licensed
From January 1, 2027: A 10 mph prima facie speed limit on sidewalks, and a local authority may set a 10, 15 or 20 mph limit on a bike path or multiuse trail
From January 1, 2027: Anything that can exceed 20 mph on a throttle or 28 mph with pedal assist can't be sold or advertised as an electric bicycle, and is a moped or motor-driven cycle instead; its label must name the brand and the manufacturer, importer or distributor
From January 1, 2029: Every new Class 2 must have a speedometer, and every new electric bicycle front and rear lamps
From January 1, 2027 until January 1, 2031: Cities in San Mateo County may bar riders under 12 from Class 1 and Class 2 electric bicycles

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Check an e-bike in California

Colorado

A vehicle with two or three wheels, fully operable pedals and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 pedal assist to 20 mph, Class 2 throttle to 20 mph, and Class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Colorado Revised Statutes §42-1-102(28.5), as amended by HB 25-1197 (2025), and regulated by §§42-4-221 and 42-4-1412.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 and Class 3 assist only while the rider pedals, cutting out at 20 and 28 mph; Class 2 may assist without pedaling, to 20 mph
Class 1 and 3 need a cutoff that can't be bypassed, stopping the motor when the rider stops pedaling; a Class 2 motor stops when the brakes are applied
A vehicle modified out of every class, or built to be easily switched out of one by a button, setting or app, is not an electrical assisted bicycle
A multiple-mode e-bike that can switch between classes must meet the rules of each class it can run as
From January 1, 2027: A multiple-mode e-bike's label must name each class it can run as
Carries a permanent label, in Arial at least 9-point, stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage, and must not be modified to change its speed or motor engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Sellers must disclose its wattage, top speed and class; selling a vehicle that isn't one as an e-bike without a written disclosure is a deceptive trade practice
Its lithium-ion battery must be certified by an accredited lab to a UL 2849 or EN 15194 battery standard
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Class 3 riders must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Class 3 riders and passengers under 18 must wear a bicycle helmet meeting CPSC or ASTM standards, and a Class 3 must have a speedometer
Class 1 and Class 2 may ride bike and pedestrian paths where bicycles are allowed, but a local authority may ban them from its paths
Class 3 is kept off bike and pedestrian paths unless the path is within a street or highway or the local authority allows it
On a sidewalk it yields to pedestrians, and local ordinances or signs may ban it there
In state parks, Class 1 and 2 may ride roads, bike lanes and trails open to bicycles; in state wildlife areas, e-bikes are limited to roads and camping or parking areas open to motor vehicles
Its rider has the same rights and duties as a bicyclist, and it is not a motor vehicle: no registration or driver's license

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Check an e-bike in Colorado

Connecticut

A bicycle with operable foot pedals and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 pedal assist to 20 mph, Class 2 throttle to 20 mph, and Class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Connecticut General Statutes §14-1(31), as amended by Public Act 26-24 (effective October 1, 2026, raising the limit from under 750 watts to 750 watts or less), and regulated by §§14-289k, 14-289l and 14-289n as amended by Public Act 25-159.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 and Class 3 motors engage only while the rider pedals and cut out at 20 and 28 mph; a Class 2 may be propelled by the motor alone, cutting out at 20 mph or when the brakes are applied
Not an electric bicycle if it has a throttle that can propel it past 20 mph in any mode, or is built or modified, by a switch, software or an app, to fall outside the definition; dirt bikes and ATVs are excluded too
Carries a conspicuous label, in at least 9-point type, stating its class, top speed and motor wattage, and a Class 3 must have a speedometer
Anyone who modifies its speed or motor engagement must replace the label to match, or remove it if the bike no longer qualifies as an e-bike
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Every rider and passenger, of any age and on any class, must wear a bicycle helmet meeting ANSI, CPSC, ASTM or Snell standards
Class 3 riders must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, unless a local ordinance bans it
Class 1 may ride bicycle and multi-use trails and paths unless a local ordinance bans it; Class 2 is kept off natural-surface trails designated nonmotorized unless an ordinance allows it
Class 3 may not ride any bicycle or multi-use trail or path
On a sidewalk or crosswalk it yields to pedestrians and sounds a warning before passing, and a town may ban riding there
Towns may regulate e-bike use by ordinance, including requiring annual licensing and registering sales
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle and is not a motor vehicle, motor-driven cycle or motorcycle, so needs no state registration or driver's license
An electric bike that doesn't qualify, with a seat at least 26 inches high and a motor of up to 3,700 watts, is a motor-driven cycle, which needs a driver's license and, under 21, a motorcycle helmet; with a bigger motor it is generally a motorcycle

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Check an e-bike in Connecticut

Delaware

A bicycle with two or three wheels, fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat, and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 pedal assist to 20 mph, Class 2 throttle to 20 mph, and Class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Delaware Code Title 21 §101(18) and regulated by §4198P; the Truth in E-Bike Marketing Act (House Substitute 1 for HB 439, signed September 24, 2026) tightened the moped rules around it.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 and Class 3 assist only while the rider pedals, cutting out at 20 and 28 mph; Class 2 may be propelled by the motor alone, to 20 mph
The motor must disengage when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
Carries a permanent label, in Arial at least 9-point, stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Class 3 riders must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Class 3 riders and passengers of any age must wear an approved bicycle helmet, and a Class 3 must have a speedometer
As on any bicycle, riders and passengers under 18 must wear an approved helmet
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, including streets, highways, shoulders, bike lanes, bikeways and bicycle or multi-use paths
Never ridden on a sidewalk under motor power, even where bicycles are allowed there
After notice and a public hearing, the local authority or state agency over a bicycle or multi-use path may ban it there for safety or legal reasons, and may ban it from natural-surface trails designated nonmotorized
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle: no driver's license, registration, title, plate or insurance
A two-wheeler with an electric motor under 2,000 watts that can propel it past 20 mph on its own, or assist past 28 mph, is a moped, which needs a driver's license and is barred from bike lanes, sidewalks and paths closed to motor vehicles; other electric two-wheelers that aren't e-bikes are generally motorcycles
Sellers may not market or label an electric moped or motorcycle as an e-bike, and must disclose in writing its legal class, power, top speed and registration, license and insurance needs

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Check an e-bike in Delaware

District of Columbia

DC law has no electric bicycle category: an e-bike is a motorized bicycle, with pedals, wheels at least 16 inches across and a motor that can't propel it past 20 mph. Defined by D.C. Code §50-2201.02(11A) and 18 DCMR 9901.1, as amended by the Motorized Bicycle Amendment Act of 2012 (D.C. Law 19-290).

Classes recognized: Classes 1 and 2
Motor power cap: No cap
Top assisted speed: 20 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Two or three wheels at least 16 inches in diameter, a post-mounted seat for each rider, and fully operative pedals
Its motor can't propel it faster than 20 mph on level ground; the definition sets no wattage limit and draws no line between a throttle and pedal assist
Operated by its motor past 20 mph it is a motor-driven cycle, and its rider needs a driver's license; past 30 mph it is a motorcycle, and the rider needs a motorcycle endorsement; riding one faster than 20 mph is a $100 infraction
The definition predates the three e-bike classes and doesn't say whether a Class 3's 28 mph pedal assist counts as being operated by its motor
Not a motor vehicle: no driver's license, registration, inspection or insurance
A new one sold for use on streets must carry a red rear reflector
May ride DC's off-street shared-use paths, since a 2022 DDOT rule repealed their ban on motorized bicycles
On National Park Service land in DC, such as Rock Creek Park, federal rules apply instead: e-bikes ride only where the superintendent allows them

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Florida

A bicycle or tricycle with fully operable pedals, a seat or saddle, and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 and Class 3 pedal-assist up to 20 and 28 mph, and Class 2 throttle-assisted up to 20 mph. Defined by Florida Statutes §316.003(23) and regulated by §316.20655, last amended by chapter 2025-149.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

A bicycle or tricycle with fully operable pedals, a seat or saddle, and a motor of less than 750 watts
Class 1 assists only while the rider pedals and stops at 20 mph; Class 2's motor can propel it without pedaling, up to 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
The motor must disengage or stop when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage, required since January 1, 2021
Must not be modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
No statewide minimum age; since July 1, 2025 a local government may set minimum ages by ordinance and require riders to carry government-issued photo ID
Riders and passengers under 16 must wear a bicycle helmet
Carries no more people than it is designed or equipped for, except that an adult may carry a child secured in a backpack or sling
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle and may be ridden wherever bicycles may, including streets, highways, bike lanes and multi-use paths
On a sidewalk the rider must yield to pedestrians and give an audible signal before passing
A local government may regulate it on streets, highways and sidewalks, and restrict or ban it on paths, trails, beaches and dunes
Not a motor vehicle or a moped: no driver's license, registration, title or insurance, and exempt from off-highway vehicle rules

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Check an e-bike in Florida

Georgia

A device with two or three wheels, a saddle, fully operative pedals and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class I and Class III pedal-assist up to 20 and 28 mph, and Class II motor-propelled up to 20 mph. Defined by O.C.G.A. §40-1-1(15.3) and regulated by §§40-6-300 through 40-6-303, as enacted by HB 454 (2019).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Two or three wheels, a saddle, fully operative pedals, and a motor with a power output of no more than 750 watts
Class I assists only while the rider pedals and stops at 20 mph; Class II's motor can propel it alone, up to 20 mph; Class III assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
Has the equipment required of a bicycle, and must be able to disengage the motor when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
Class III must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Bikes made since January 1, 2020 carry a permanent label, in at least 9-point Arial, stating the class, motor wattage and top assisted speed; anyone who alters one in a way that changes its class must relabel it
Class III riders must be 15 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Class III riders and passengers must wear a bicycle helmet, and a Class III can't be rented to someone without a helmet
Riders and passengers under 16 must wear a bicycle helmet on any class, as on a bicycle
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle
Class I and Class II may use any bicycle or shared-use path bicycles may, unless the local authority or state agency in charge bans them
Class III is kept off bicycle and shared-use paths unless the path runs within or beside a highway or the local authority or state agency in charge allows it
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the local authority or state agency that manages it decides which devices are allowed
Excluded from the definitions of motor vehicle and motor driven cycle: no driver's license, registration or insurance

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Check an e-bike in Georgia

Hawaii

A bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 and Class 3 pedal-assist up to 20 and 28 mph, and Class 2 motor-propelled up to 20 mph. Defined by Hawaii Revised Statutes §291C-1 and §249-1 as rewritten by HB 2021 (Act 259, signed July 15, 2026), which replaced the old "low-speed electric bicycle" term.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

A bicycle with fully operable pedals and a motor of no more than 750 watts
Class 1 assists only while the rider pedals and stops at 20 mph; Class 2's motor can propel it alone, up to 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling, stops at 28 mph and must have a speedometer
A device with a motor over 750 watts that can exceed 28 mph is a high-speed electric device, not an electric bicycle, and can't be ridden on any public road, bike lane, path or sidewalk
A two- or three-wheeler whose electric motor can exceed 28 mph is an electric motorcycle, licensed, registered and insured like a motorcycle and barred from bike lanes and paths
Riders under 16 may ride a Class 2 or Class 3 only under the direct supervision of a parent, guardian or adult 18 or older
Riders under 18, and children in an attached seat or towed trailer, must wear a bicycle helmet
Must be registered with the county director of finance for a one-time $30 fee before riding it on a public road, sidewalk or bicycle facility; an unregistered one can be cited or impounded
No insurance required for a road-legal, registered and classified electric bicycle
Must be ridden seated, facing forward, with all wheels on the ground: no wheelies, stunts, or standing on the seat or riding on the handlebars
May be ridden on a sidewalk at no more than 10 mph, except in business districts or where a county ordinance bans it
Counties may restrict it further on sidewalks and post bike lanes and paths to keep motor-equipped bicycles off them
From November 12, 2026: Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage, which no one may alter, deface or remove; the requirement starts 120 days after Act 259's enactment, or sooner once rules are adopted
Police may seize a non-road-legal or nonconforming electric bicycle

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Check an e-bike in Hawaii

Idaho

A bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 and Class 3 pedal-assist up to 20 and 28 mph, and Class 2 motor-propelled up to 20 mph. Defined by Idaho Code §49-106 and regulated by §§49-725 through 49-729; HB 500 (2026) added it to the traffic-rights and due-care rules of §§49-714 and 49-615 from July 1, 2026.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

A bicycle with fully operable pedals and a motor of less than 750 watts
Class 1 assists only while the rider pedals and stops at 20 mph; Class 2's motor can propel it alone, up to 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
Carries a permanent label, in at least 9-point Arial, stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage, required since September 1, 2019
No statewide minimum age or helmet requirement
Subject to the safety requirements of a bicycle, and its rider has a bicycle rider's rights and duties, including the duty of due care
Like a bicycle, may treat a stop sign as a yield sign: slow down, yield, then proceed without stopping
On a sidewalk or crosswalk, the rider must yield to pedestrians and give an audible signal before passing
May be ridden wherever bicycles may, including multi-use paths, unless excluded by local ordinance or by signs the agency in charge posts after putting the exclusion on its board's agenda
Not subject to driver's license, title, registration, plate or financial responsibility requirements
A violation by its rider of the rules of the road is an infraction

Sources

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Illinois

A bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 and Class 3 pedal-assist up to 20 and 28 mph, and Class 2 motor-propelled up to 20 mph. Defined by Illinois Vehicle Code §1-140.10 (625 ILCS 5/1-140.10) and regulated by §11-1517; SB 3484 (Public Act 104-0854) amends both effective January 1, 2027.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

A bicycle with fully operable pedals and a motor of less than 750 watts
Class 1 assists only while the rider pedals and stops at 20 mph; Class 2's motor can propel it alone, up to 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
Class 2's motor must cut out when the brakes are applied; Class 1 and Class 3 motors must cut out when the rider stops pedaling
Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Carries a permanent label, in at least 9-point Arial, stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage; no one may knowingly change its speed capability or motor engagement without replacing the label
Class 3 riders must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
From January 1, 2027: Class 1 and Class 2 riders must also be 15 or older, and a rider under 18 may carry a passenger only if the passenger is their sibling, stepsibling, child or stepchild
No statewide helmet requirement
Follows the bicycle rules of the road and may be ridden on any road open to bicycles, including bike lanes
May not be ridden on a sidewalk
Until January 1, 2027: Allowed on bicycle paths unless the municipality, county or local authority in charge bans it or a class of it
From January 1, 2027: Allowed on bicycle paths unless the state agency in charge, the Department of Natural Resources on its land, or a park, forest preserve, conservation or transit district restricts it
Until January 1, 2027: Local authorities may regulate it, including requiring local registration and licensing
From January 1, 2027: No other unit of local government, home-rule units included, may regulate it
Not a motor vehicle, moped or motor driven cycle: no driver's license, title or state registration
From January 1, 2027: An electric bicycle that doesn't meet this definition is a motor driven cycle, which needs a driver's license and is barred from sidewalks, bike lanes, bicycle paths and bike trails

Sources

Check an e-bike in Illinois

Indiana

A bicycle with operable pedals and an electric motor with a power output of no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 and Class 3 pedal-assist up to 20 and 28 mph, and Class 2 throttle-assisted up to 20 mph. Defined by Indiana Code §9-13-2-49.2 and regulated by §9-21-11-13.1, as enacted by HEA 1236 (2019).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

A bicycle with operable pedals and a motor with a power output of no more than 750 watts
Class 1 assists only while the rider pedals and stops at 20 mph; Class 2 can be throttle-propelled up to 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
The motor must disengage or stop assisting when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage; anyone who modifies its speed or motor engagement must update the label
Class 3 riders must be 15 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Class 3 riders and passengers under 18 must wear a bicycle helmet meeting CPSC or ASTM standards
Regulated as a bicycle, with a bicycle rider's rights and duties, and may be ridden wherever bicycles may
Class 1 and Class 2 may use bicycle and multipurpose paths open to bicycles unless a statute, rule or local ordinance says otherwise
Class 3 is kept off bicycle and multipurpose paths unless the path runs within or beside a highway or the local authority or state agency in charge allows it
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the local authority or state agency that manages it decides which classes are allowed
On DNR properties all classes may use roads, Class 1 and Class 2 may use paved and gravel trails, and only Class 1 may use natural-surface trails open to bicycles
Not a motor vehicle: no driver's license, title, registration or insurance, and exempt from off-road vehicle rules

Sources

Check an e-bike in Indiana

Iowa

A device with a saddle or seat, two or three wheels, fully operable pedals and an electric motor producing no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 and Class 3 pedal-assist up to 20 and 28 mph, and Class 2 motor-propelled up to 20 mph. Defined by Iowa Code §321.1(36A), as amended by SF 490 (2026), and regulated by §321.235B.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

A saddle or seat, two or three wheels, fully operable pedals, and a motor producing no more than 750 watts; before SF 490 took effect on July 1, 2026 the motor had to be under 750 watts
Class 1 assists only while the rider pedals and stops at 20 mph; Class 2's motor can propel it alone, up to 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
The motor assist must stop when the rider stops pedaling, applies the brakes or disengages the motor
Class 3 may not be ridden without a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Manufactured and equipped to the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Carries a permanent label, in at least 9-point Arial, stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
No one may knowingly modify its speed capability or motor engagement so it no longer fits a class, and anyone who modifies it must affix a new label
Class 3 riders must be 16 or older; a younger rider may ride on one as a passenger
No statewide helmet requirement
Counts as a bicycle, and its rider has a bicycle rider's rights and duties on the road
May be ridden anywhere a bicycle may, including streets, highways, shoulders, bike lanes, bikeways and multi-use paths
On a bike lane or multi-use path, a Class 3 may go no faster than the posted limit, or 20 mph where none is posted
Not subject to vehicle licensing, registration, titling, inspection or proof of insurance, and needs no driver's license or permit

Sources

Check an e-bike in Iowa

Kansas

A bicycle with two or three wheels, a saddle, fully operative pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: pedal assist to 20 mph, throttle to 20 mph, or pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Kansas Statutes Annotated §8-1489 and regulated by §8-1592b, both as amended by House Substitute for SB 101 (2022).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Two or three wheels, a saddle, fully operative pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts
Class 1: pedal assist only, ceasing at 20 mph; Class 2: may be propelled by the motor alone, with no assistance above 20 mph; Class 3: pedal assist only, ceasing at 28 mph
Riders of a Class 3 must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
No minimum age for Class 1 or Class 2, and no statewide helmet requirement
Since January 1, 2023, manufacturers must permanently affix a label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the class label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle and is not a motor vehicle: no driver's license, registration, title, plate or insurance
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, including streets, highways, bike lanes, bicycle or multi-use paths, trails and trail networks
A city may regulate it on streets and sidewalks by ordinance, and the city, county or state agency that manages a path or trail may restrict or ban it, or a single class, there
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the local authority or state agency that manages the trail decides whether it's allowed
In state parks, only e-bikes whose assistance stops at 20 mph may use trails approved for bicycles

Sources

Check an e-bike in Kansas

Kentucky

Kentucky has no e-bike statute and no classes: an e-bike with operable pedals is a bicycle, a device with an attached seat propelled primarily by human power, and follows the same rules. Defined by 601 Kentucky Administrative Regulations 14:020, under the authority of Kentucky Revised Statutes §189.287.

Classes recognized: Its own definition: Bicycle
Motor power cap: No cap
Top assisted speed: No cap
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

No e-bike definition, classes, motor wattage limit or assisted-speed limit in state law
Qualifies as a bicycle when it has operable pedals and is propelled primarily by human power; how much throttle use that allows is unsettled
Not a moped: Kentucky's moped definition requires a combustion engine of 50 cc or less
One with a top speed over 50 mph is an electric motorcycle, registered as a motorcycle
No statewide minimum age or helmet requirement
No driver's license, registration or insurance
Ridden on roads and shoulders like a bicycle, and must use a bike lane where one is marked, except to turn, pass or avoid hazards
May be ridden on sidewalks and crosswalks unless a law or local ordinance prohibits it
Cities set their own rules: Lexington, for one, defines e-bikes locally and bans sidewalk riding downtown
Kentucky State Parks has no e-mountain bike policy; access to other trails is up to the agency that manages them

Sources

Check an e-bike in Kentucky

Louisiana

A bicycle with a seat for each rider, fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: pedal assist to 20 mph, throttle to 20 mph, or pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Louisiana Revised Statutes §32:1(95) and regulated by §32:204, both enacted by Act 152 of 2020 (HB 514).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

A seat for each rider, fully operable pedals, an electric motor of less than 750 watts, and two wheels (one at least 16 inches) or three (one at least 20 inches)
Class 1: pedal assist only, ceasing at 20 mph; Class 2: may be propelled by the motor alone, with no assistance above 20 mph; Class 3: pedal assist only, ceasing at 28 mph
The motor must disengage or stop when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
A Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Riders of a Class 3 must be 12 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Every rider and passenger on a Class 3 must wear an approved bicycle helmet, on pain of a $50 fine waived on proof of buying one
Since August 1, 2020, manufacturers must permanently affix a label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its class unless the manufacturer's label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle and is not a motor vehicle, a motorcycle or a motorized bicycle: no driver's license or insurance
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, including streets, highways, bike lanes, bicycle paths and shared-use trails; may use a bike lane at a reasonable speed that doesn't endanger cyclists
A local or parish authority or state agency may ban Class 1 or Class 2 from a path or trail it manages only after notice and a public hearing, for safety or legal reasons, and may ban Class 3 outright
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the agency that manages the trail decides whether it's allowed

Sources

Check an e-bike in Louisiana

Maine

A two- or three-wheel bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: pedal assist to 20 mph, throttle to 20 mph, or pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Maine Revised Statutes Title 29-A §101(22-B) and regulated by §2063(14), both enacted by Public Law 2019, chapter 349 (LD 1222).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Two or three wheels, fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts
Class 1: pedal assist only, ceasing at 20 mph; Class 2: may be propelled by the motor alone, with no assistance above 20 mph; Class 3: pedal assist only, ceasing at 28 mph
The motor must disengage when the brakes are applied, and on a Class 1 or Class 3 when the rider stops pedaling
A Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Riders of a Class 2 or Class 3 must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Riders and passengers under 16 must wear a properly fitted and fastened bicycle helmet on any class
Since October 1, 2019, the manufacturer, distributor or seller must permanently affix a label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match; modified to assist past 20 mph on the motor alone or 28 mph with pedaling, it's no longer an electric bicycle
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Not a motor vehicle, moped or motorized bicycle: no driver's license, registration, plate or insurance
Follows the rules of the road for bicycles, and may use paved shoulders
Class 1 and Class 2 may be ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, including bicycle and multi-use paths, unless the municipality or agency that manages a path bans them there
Class 3 is kept off bicycle paths unless the path is within a roadway or the agency that manages it allows Class 3
No class may be ridden on a nonmotorized path with significant natural-surface sections (gravel, stones or wooden bridging) unless the agency that manages it allows it
Private property owners decide whether e-bikes are allowed on their land and private ways

Sources

Check an e-bike in Maine

Maryland

A vehicle designed to be operated by human power with the assistance of an electric motor rated 750 watts or less, with fully operable pedals and two or three wheels, in one of three classes: pedal assist to 20 mph, throttle to 20 mph, or pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Maryland Transportation Article §11-117.1 and regulated by §21-1205.2 and §22-420, as enacted by Chapter 64 of 2019 (SB 935); it counts as a bicycle under §11-104.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Fully operable pedals, two or three wheels, and a motor rated 750 watts or less
Class 1: pedal assist only, ceasing at 20 mph; Class 2: assists whether or not the rider pedals, ceasing at 20 mph; Class 3: pedal assist only, ceasing at 28 mph
The motor must disengage when the brakes are applied, and on a Class 1 or Class 3 when the rider stops pedaling
A Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Riders under 16 may not operate a Class 3 on a public highway, but may ride as a passenger on one designed to carry passengers
Riders and passengers under 16 must wear a bicycle helmet; the rule is enforced with a warning
Since January 1, 2020, manufacturers must permanently affix a label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its motor-powered speed unless the label's classification is corrected
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
A bicycle, not a motor vehicle, moped or motor scooter: no driver's license, moped permit or registration
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, and must use a smooth-paved bike lane where there is one; barred from expressways and from roads posted above 50 mph except on their shoulders
May be ridden on sidewalks unless a local ordinance prohibits it, yielding to pedestrians
A local authority or state agency may ban Class 1 or Class 2 from a bicycle path it manages; Class 3 is kept off bicycle paths unless they run within or beside a highway right-of-way or the managing agency allows it
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the agency that manages the trail decides whether it's allowed
On state public lands, a 2026 DNR regulation opens multi-use trails to Class 1 only (and to adaptive e-bikes for riders with disabilities, up to 20 mph); other classes are limited to roads, parking lots and off-road-vehicle areas

Sources

Check an e-bike in Maryland

Massachusetts

A bicycle or tricycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of 750 watts or less, in one of two classes: pedal assist to 20 mph, or throttle to 20 mph. Massachusetts recognizes no Class 3. Defined by Massachusetts General Laws chapter 90 §1 and regulated by chapter 85 §11B¾, both added by the 2022 transportation bond bill (H. 5151), effective November 8, 2022.

Classes recognized: Its own definition: Electric Bicycle
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 20 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

A bicycle or tricycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of 750 watts or less
Class 1: pedal assist only, ceasing at 20 mph; Class 2: may be propelled by the motor alone, with no assistance above 20 mph
No Class 3: one that assists past 20 mph isn't an electric bicycle, and may instead fall under motorized bicycle rules (driver's license, helmet, riders 16 or older, 25 mph cap, kept off off-street bike paths)
Riders and passengers 16 or younger must wear a CPSC-compliant bicycle helmet
Manufacturers must permanently affix a label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle and is not a motor vehicle or motorized bicycle: no driver's license or registration
May use all public ways except limited-access highways posted against bicycles, and bike lanes
Never ridden on sidewalks, unlike a conventional bicycle
A municipality or state agency may ban or regulate it, including with speed limits, on a bike path or bikeway it manages, but only after public notice and a hearing
Barred from nonmotorized natural-surface trails unless the agency that manages the trail allows it after public notice and a hearing
On DCR land, Class 1 may use improved trails at least 8 feet wide; Class 2 is limited to places open to vehicles and bike lanes on DCR roads, and no e-bike may use a natural-surface trail

Sources

Check an e-bike in Massachusetts

Michigan

A device with a seat or saddle, fully operable pedals and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: pedal assist to 20 mph, throttle to 20 mph, or pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Michigan Compiled Laws §257.13e and regulated by §257.662a, both added by 2017 Public Act 139.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

A seat or saddle, fully operable pedals and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts
Class 1: pedal assist only, ceasing at 20 mph; Class 2: propels it to 20 mph whether or not the rider pedals, cutting out when the brakes are applied; Class 3: pedal assist only, ceasing at 28 mph
Riders of a Class 3 must be 14 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Riders and passengers under 18 on a Class 3 must wear a properly fitted and fastened CPSC- or ASTM-compliant bicycle helmet
Since January 1, 2018, manufacturers must permanently affix a label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match; modified beyond the class limits, or with a motor over 750 watts, it's no longer an electric bicycle
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Subject to the same rules as a bicycle and not a motor vehicle or moped: no driver's license, registration or insurance
Ridden on any part of a highway open to bicycles, including bike lanes and shoulders, and on sidewalks where bicycles are allowed
Barred from cities that ban nonemergency motor vehicles unless the city council allows it, and from Mackinac Island State Park without a permit from its commission
Class 1 may use paved, crushed-limestone and rail trails unless the agency that manages the trail bans it; Class 2 and Class 3 may use them only if that agency allows it
Barred from nonmotorized natural-surface trails unless the agency that manages the trail allows it
A local authority or state agency must hold a public hearing before it bans, allows or regulates e-bikes
On DNR land, Class 1 may use state park, recreation area and state forest trails open to bicycles (except state game and wildlife areas and some named pathways); Class 2 needs a free disability permit, and Class 3 is barred

Sources

Check an e-bike in Michigan

Minnesota

A two- or three-wheeled bicycle with a saddle, fully operable pedals and an electric motor of not more than 750 watts, in class 1, 2 or 3 or a switchable multiple-mode combination of them. Defined by Minnesota Statutes §169.011, subd. 27 (last amended in 2024) and regulated by §169.222, subds. 6a and 6b.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; class 2 can propel it without pedaling and stops at 20 mph; class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
A multiple-mode e-bike has switchable or programmable modes that let it operate as two or more of the classes
Its battery or electric drive system must be tested to a safety standard by a third-party laboratory
Not an electric-assisted bicycle if it's designed or sold to be configured or modified out of these limits
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Riders must be 15 or older, for every class
No statewide helmet requirement
Excluded from the definition of motor vehicle: no driver's license, registration or insurance
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, including road shoulders, bike lanes and bicycle routes
Class 1 and 2 may use bicycle and shared-use paths with the motor on unless the DNR or managing agency prohibits it for safety
Class 3 and multiple-mode e-bikes may use bicycle and shared-use paths with the motor on unless the local authority or agency over the path prohibits it
On a natural-surface trail or bike park designated nonmotorized, the managing agency may regulate it
Kept off sidewalks in a business district unless local authorities permit it

Sources

Check an e-bike in Minnesota

Mississippi

A bicycle or tricycle with fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: class 1 and class 2 (throttle) stop at 20 mph, class 3 (pedal assist) at 28 mph. Defined by Mississippi Code §63-3-103 and regulated by §63-3-1315, both from HB 1195 (2021), in force since July 1, 2021.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; class 2 can propel it without pedaling and stops at 20 mph; class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
The motor must disengage when the brakes are applied
Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Riders of class 3 must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be tampered with or modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle and is not a motor vehicle: no driver's license, registration, title, plate or insurance
Not an off-road vehicle, dirt bike or all-terrain vehicle under state law
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, including streets, highways, bike lanes and bicycle or multi-use paths
A municipality, local authority or state agency may ban class 1 or 2 from a bicycle or multi-use path only after notice and a public hearing, for safety or legal reasons
A municipality, local authority or state agency may ban class 3 from any bicycle or multi-use path, with no hearing needed
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the agency that manages the trail decides whether it's allowed

Sources

Check an e-bike in Mississippi

Missouri

A bicycle with fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: class 1 and class 2 (throttle) stop at 20 mph, class 3 (pedal assist) at 28 mph. Defined by Revised Statutes of Missouri §301.010 and regulated by §307.194, both from SB 176 (2021).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; class 2 can propel it without pedaling and stops at 20 mph; class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
The motor must disengage when the brakes are applied
Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Riders of class 3 must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
No statewide helmet requirement
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be tampered with or modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle: no driver's license, registration or insurance
Not a motorized bicycle, which is a separate category under state law
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, including bicycle and multi-use paths
A municipality, local authority or state agency may ban class 1 or 2 from a bicycle or multi-use path only after notice and a public hearing, for safety or legal reasons
A municipality, local authority or state agency may ban class 3 from any bicycle or multi-use path, with no hearing needed
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the agency that manages the trail decides whether it's allowed
The Katy Trail and Rock Island Trail state parks allow e-bikes whose assist tops out at 20 mph

Sources

Check an e-bike in Missouri

Montana

A two-wheeled ride whose electric motor can propel it and a 170-pound rider no faster than 20 mph on a paved, level surface. Montana has no class 1/2/3 system: the definition counts it as a bicycle, so it rides under bicycle law. Defined by Montana Code Annotated §61-8-102(7), and included in the definition of bicycle by §61-8-102(2).

Classes recognized: Its own definition: Electrically Assisted Bicycle
Motor power cap: No cap
Top assisted speed: 20 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Two tandem wheels and an electric motor; the definition draws no line between a throttle and pedal assist
The motor can't propel it and a 170-pound rider faster than 20 mph on a paved, level surface
No motor wattage limit in the definition
No classes: a 28 mph pedal-assist (class 3) e-bike fails the 20 mph test and isn't an electrically assisted bicycle
A faster machine with pedals, a power source of at most 2 brake horsepower and a top speed of 30 mph is a moped instead
Counts as a bicycle under state law, with a bicycle's rights and duties
No driver's license, registration or insurance
No statewide minimum age
No statewide helmet requirement
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed; federal land managers may still treat it as motorized on their trails

Sources

Check an e-bike in Montana

Nebraska

A bicycle with two, three or four wheels, a saddle or seat, fully operative pedals and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts and one brake horsepower, in one of three classes: Class I and Class II (throttle) stop at 20 mph, Class III (pedal assist) at 28 mph. Counted as a bicycle under the Nebraska Rules of the Road. Defined by Nebraska Revised Statutes §§60-611, 60-614.02 to 60-614.04 and 60-618.03, as enacted by LB 138 (2023), operative September 2, 2023.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class I assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; Class II can power it whether or not the rider pedals and stops at 20 mph; Class III assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
Two, three or four wheels, a saddle or seat, and fully operative pedals
Its motor may produce no more than 750 watts and no more than one brake horsepower
A bicycle under the Rules of the Road, with a bicycle's rights and duties
Not a motor vehicle or a motor-driven cycle: no driver's license, registration or insurance
No statewide minimum age for any class
No helmet requirement: the state helmet law covers motorcycles, autocycles and mopeds only
No speedometer or labeling requirement in state law
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed
The state, its agencies and local governments may permit, restrict or ban it on areas they own or control, by regulation or posted signs; riding where it's banned is a Class III misdemeanor
A motorized bicycle outside these limits is a motor-driven cycle

Sources

Check an e-bike in Nebraska

Nevada

A two- or three-wheeled bicycle with fully operable pedals, a seat or saddle and an electric motor of not more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: class 1 and class 2 (throttle) stop at 20 mph, class 3 (pedal assist) at 28 mph. Defined by Nevada Revised Statutes §484B.017, as amended by SB 383 (2021), and regulated by §484B.784.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; class 2 can propel it without pedaling and stops at 20 mph; class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
Not a moped or an electric scooter
The motor must disengage when the brakes are applied
Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be tampered with or modified to change its motor's speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
No statewide minimum age or helmet requirement for any class
Carries no more people than it's designed and equipped for, and the rider must sit on its seat
No driver's license or registration
Has a bicycle's rights and duties on the road, and is ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, including streets, highways, bike lanes, bicycle paths and shared-use paths
A local authority by ordinance, or a state agency after notice and a hearing, may ban it or one of its classes from a bicycle or shared-use path, for public health and safety or legal reasons
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the agency that manages the trail decides whether it's allowed
State law doesn't define an electric motorcycle; an Assembly interim subcommittee began studying them in late 2025

Sources

Check an e-bike in Nevada

New Hampshire

A pedaled vehicle with an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: class 1 and class 2 (throttle) stop at 20 mph, class 3 (pedal assist) at 28 mph. Defined by New Hampshire RSA 259:27-a and regulated by RSA 265:144-a, both from HB 148 (2019).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; class 2 can propel it without pedaling and stops at 20 mph; class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
The motor must disengage when the brakes are applied
Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Riders of class 3 must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Riders and passengers under 18 on a class 3 must wear a bicycle helmet meeting CPSC or ASTM standards
Riders under 16 on any class must wear a helmet on a public way, under the bicycle helmet law
Carries no more people than it's designed and equipped for
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be tampered with or modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Has the rights and duties of a bicycle and is not a motor vehicle or an off highway recreational vehicle: no driver's license, registration, title, plate or insurance
Class 1 and 2 may use bicycle and multi-use paths, but a city, town or state agency may ban them from a path it manages
Class 3 is kept off bicycle and multi-use paths unless the path runs within or beside a roadway or the city, town or state agency over it allows it
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the agency that manages the trail decides whether it's allowed
On state parks and forests, class 1 and 2 may use trails open to bicycles, class 3 only recreational roads, park roads and rail trails, all at 20 mph or less unless signed

Sources

Check an e-bike in New Hampshire

New Jersey

A two-wheeled bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that helps only while the rider pedals and stops helping at 20 mph. P.L.2025, c.285 (S4834, signed January 19, 2026) narrowed it to pedal assist, moved throttle and 28 mph e-bikes into the motorized bicycle category, and made riders of both license and register them. Defined by N.J.S.A. 39:1-1 and regulated by N.J.S.A. 39:4-14.16 and 39:4-14.3i.

Classes recognized: Its own definition: Low-Speed Electric Bicycle
Motor power cap: No cap
Top assisted speed: 20 mph
Throttle: Not allowed

Rules and restrictions

Two wheels and fully operable pedals; the motor assists only while the rider is pedaling and stops assisting at 20 mph
The definition sets no motor wattage limit
An e-bike with a throttle, or with pedal assist past 20 mph up to 28 mph, is a motorized bicycle instead: it also needs a license and registration, must carry liability insurance, and is barred from roads posted over 50 mph
One with pedals and a motor over 750 watts that can exceed 28 mph is an electric motorized bicycle, which the law counts as a motorcycle
Riders must be 15 or older
Riders need a driver's license or a motorized bicycle (e-bike) license from the Motor Vehicle Commission, which takes a knowledge test and a road test; 15- and 16-year-olds need the e-bike license
Registered with the Motor Vehicle Commission, with its two plate stickers displayed on the front fork; required since July 19, 2026, after a six-month grace period
No insurance required
Riders under 17 must wear a bicycle helmet
Ridden on streets, highways and bicycle paths; a county or municipality may ban it from bicycle paths it controls
May be parked on a sidewalk if it doesn't block pedestrians
Kept off natural-surface trails designated non-motorized unless the local authority allows it
Selling a kit that converts it into a motorized or electric motorized bicycle is prohibited
Not a motor vehicle; the laws that apply to bicycles otherwise apply to it
A bike-share rider 16 or older needs no license, and the rider doesn't register a shared e-bike

Sources

Check an e-bike in New Jersey

New Mexico

A vehicle with two or three wheels, fully operable pedals and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: class 1 pedal assist and class 2 throttle, both to 20 mph, and class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by NMSA 1978 §66-1-4.5 and regulated by §§66-3-708 and 66-3-709, enacted by SB 69 (2023).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Two or three wheels, fully operable pedals and a motor of no more than 750 watts
Class 1 and class 3 assist only while the rider is pedaling, stopping at 20 and 28 mph; class 2 can propel it without pedaling, up to 20 mph
On class 1 and class 3, a mechanism that can't be bypassed cuts the motor when the rider stops pedaling; on class 2 the motor cuts out when the brakes are applied
Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its speed capability or motor engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Riders under 16 may not operate a class 3, but may ride as a passenger on one designed to carry passengers
Riders and passengers under 18 must wear a protective helmet, under the Child Helmet Safety Act
Class 1 may be ridden on bicycle or pedestrian paths where bicycles may go, unless the local government bans it
Class 2 and class 3 are kept off bicycle and pedestrian paths unless the path is within a street or highway or the local government allows them
On a natural-surface trail designated non-motorized, the state agency or local government managing it decides whether it's allowed
Not a motor vehicle or off-highway motor vehicle: exempt from registration and title
A two- or three-wheeled electric vehicle that isn't an electric-assisted bicycle and can exceed 20 mph on motor power alone is an electric mobility device, which is a motor vehicle

Sources

Check an e-bike in New Mexico

New York

A bicycle no more than 36 inches wide, with operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: class 1 pedal assist and class 2 throttle, both to 20 mph, and class 3, which may run on the motor alone to 25 mph and is allowed only in a city of a million or more people. Defined by Vehicle and Traffic Law §102-c and regulated by §1242.

Classes recognized: Its own definition: Bicycle With Electric Assist
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 25 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

No more than 36 inches wide, with operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts
Class 1 assists only while the rider is pedaling and class 2 may be propelled by the motor alone; both stop assisting at 20 mph
Class 3 may be propelled by the motor alone and stops assisting at 25 mph; it may be ridden only in a city of a million or more people, which means New York City
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Carries a label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage, required since June 1, 2022
Riders must be 16 or older
Class 3 riders must wear a helmet
Not registered with the DMV
State law allows it on roads with a posted speed limit of 30 mph or less and in bicycle lanes
Not ridden on a sidewalk unless a local law allows it; may be parked on one if it leaves pedestrians room to pass
Cities, towns and villages may further regulate when, where and how it's ridden, including speed limits, helmets and reflective gear; New York City has capped e-bikes at 15 mph since October 24, 2025
On public lands other than roads it may be ridden only where the agency in charge authorizes it
State parks allow class 1 and class 2 on boardwalks and paved or improved paths at up to 15 mph, and class 1 alone on natural-surface trails open to bicycles; class 3 is banned at every state park facility, and all classes from parkways
Breaking these rules carries a civil fine of up to $50

Sources

Check an e-bike in New York

North Carolina

A bicycle with two or three wheels, a seat or saddle, fully operable pedals and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts. Session Law 2026-46 (HB 1094, signed July 7, 2026) sorts it into three classes from December 1, 2026: class 1 pedal assist and class 2 throttle, both to 20 mph, and class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph; until then its motor alone may not push it past 20 mph. Defined by N.C. Gen. Stat. §20-4.01(7a) and, from December 1, 2026, regulated by §20-171.3.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

These limits take effect December 1, 2026. Until then, the rules below say what applies.

Rules and restrictions

Two or three wheels, a seat or saddle, fully operable pedals and a motor of no more than 750 watts
Until December 1, 2026: Its top speed on motor power alone on level ground is 20 mph
From December 1, 2026: Class 1 assists only while the rider is pedaling and class 2 can propel it without pedaling, both to 20 mph; class 3 assists only while pedaling, to 28 mph
From December 1, 2026: Riders and passengers under 18 on a class 3 must wear a helmet meeting federal safety standards
No statewide minimum age
Not a motor vehicle: no driver's license, registration or insurance
The rider has the duties of a vehicle driver under the traffic laws
From December 1, 2026: It may be ridden on all roadways, bicycle lanes and multiuse paths, except where a city or county restricts it, or the Department of Natural and Cultural Resources does in state parks and historic sites
From December 1, 2026: Cities and counties may restrict classes and set speed limits on multiuse paths and sidewalks, and may require helmets for riders and passengers under 18 on class 1 and class 2
One that exceeds these limits falls under moped rules, which require registration, insurance, a helmet and a rider 16 or older

Sources

Check an e-bike in North Carolina

North Dakota

A bicycle with fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat and an electric motor of 750 watts or less, in one of three classes: class 1 pedal assist and class 2 throttle, both to 20 mph, and class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by North Dakota Century Code §39-01-01 and regulated by §39-10.1-09, enacted by HB 1148 (2021).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat, and a motor of 750 watts or less
Class 1 and class 3 assist only while the rider is pedaling, stopping at 20 and 28 mph; class 2 can propel it without pedaling, up to 20 mph
The motor must disengage when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
Class 3 must have a functioning speedometer
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be tampered with to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Riders under 18 must wear a helmet on a class 3
No statewide minimum age
Counts as a bicycle under the traffic laws
May be ridden on any bicycle or multi-use path unless the governmental entity in charge bans it
Not a motor vehicle, motorcycle or motorized bicycle: no title, registration or driver's license
Traffic violations on one put no points on the rider's driving record

Sources

Check an e-bike in North Dakota

Ohio

A bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: class 1 pedal assist and class 2 throttle, both to 20 mph, and class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Ohio Revised Code §4511.01(SSS)–(VVV) and regulated by §4511.522.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Fully operable pedals and a motor of less than 750 watts
Class 1 and class 3 assist only while the rider is pedaling, stopping at 20 and 28 mph; class 2 can propel it without pedaling, up to 20 mph
On class 1 and class 3 the motor stops when the rider stops pedaling; on class 2 it stops when the rider brakes or releases or activates a switch
Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its top assisted speed or engagement unless the label is changed to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Riders under 16 may not operate a class 3, but may ride as a passenger on one designed to carry passengers
Class 3 riders and passengers must wear a helmet meeting CPSC or ASTM standards
Class 1 and class 2 may be ridden on bicycle and shared-use paths unless the local authority or state agency in charge bans them
Class 3 is kept off bicycle and shared-use paths unless the path is within or next to a highway or the local authority or state agency in charge allows it
No class may be ridden on a mountain biking, hiking, equestrian or other natural-surface trail reserved for nonmotorized use unless the entity in charge allows it
The traffic laws for bicycles apply to it, and violations put no points on the rider's driver's license
Not a motor vehicle or moped: no registration or driver's license

Sources

Check an e-bike in Ohio

Oklahoma

A bicycle with two or three wheels, fully operative pedals and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: class 1 pedal assist and class 2 throttle, both to 20 mph, and class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by 47 O.S. §1-104 and regulated by 47 O.S. §11-1209.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Two or three wheels, fully operative pedals and a motor of no more than 750 watts
Class 1 and class 3 assist only while the rider is pedaling, stopping at 20 and 28 mph; class 2 can propel it without pedaling, up to 20 mph
The motor disengages when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be tampered with to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements
Riders under 16 may not operate a class 3, but may ride as a passenger on one designed to carry passengers
The rider has the rights and duties of a bicycle rider under the traffic laws, and may ride wherever bicycles are allowed
All three classes may ride bicycle and multiuse paths open to bicycles, unless the local authority or state agency in charge bans them
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the local authority or state agency in charge decides whether it's allowed
May not pass other vehicles between lanes of traffic
Not a motor vehicle: no driver's license, registration, title or insurance

Sources

Check an e-bike in Oklahoma

Oregon

A bicycle with pedals and an electric motor, in one of three classes: Class 1 pedal assist to 20 mph, Class 2 throttle to 20 mph, and Class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Oregon Revised Statutes §801.258 as rewritten by HB 4103 (2024), which replaced the old 1,000-watt, 20 mph definition, and treated as a bicycle by §814.405.

Classes recognized: Its own definition: Electric Assisted Bicycle
Motor power cap: No cap
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Must be equipped with pedals; the statute sets no motor wattage limit since HB 4103 (2024) dropped the former 1,000-watt cap
Class 1 assists only while the rider pedals and stops assisting at 20 mph
Class 2 can be propelled by its motor without pedaling and stops assisting at 20 mph
Class 3 assists only while the rider pedals, stops assisting at 28 mph, and must have a speedometer
Until January 1, 2027: Riders of any class must be 16 or older
From January 1, 2027: Riders must be 14 or older for Class 1 and 16 or older for Class 2 and Class 3, and riders of any age in a bicycle safety program may ride Class 1 or Class 2 (HB 4007, 2026)
Riders and passengers under 16 must wear an approved bicycle helmet; a parent, or a rider carrying such a passenger, is liable for the violation
No driver's license needed for a rider who meets the age limit
Treated as a bicycle, not a motor vehicle: no title, registration or insurance
May not be ridden on a sidewalk
Allowed in bicycle lanes and on bicycle paths like any bicycle
In Oregon state parks, allowed on trails open to bicycles and on wet sand on the ocean shore unless posted otherwise; kept off dry sand and dunes
From January 1, 2027: Selling a vehicle as an electric assisted bicycle, or as a given class, when it doesn't fit the definition or is built to be switched, modified or app-unlocked out of it is a traffic violation and an unlawful trade practice
From January 1, 2027: A new e-bike or its battery or charger may only be sold with a certification mark from an accredited testing laboratory

Sources

Check an e-bike in Oregon

Pennsylvania

A single category, not the three-class system: a pedalcycle of 100 pounds or less with operable pedals and an electric motor rated at no more than 750 watts that can't propel it past 20 mph on its own, legally a bicycle. Defined by Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Title 75 §102 (Act 154 of 2014) and regulated by §§3501–3514.

Classes recognized: Its own definition: Pedalcycle With Electric Assist
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 20 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Weighs no more than 100 pounds, with two or three wheels more than 11 inches in diameter
Operable pedals and an electric motor rated at no more than 750 watts
The motor alone can't propel it faster than 20 mph on a level surface; a throttle is allowed
No class system: Pennsylvania has not adopted the three-class model law
Riders must be 16 or older
Riders and passengers under 12 must wear a bicycle helmet, including a child in a bike seat or towed trailer
Carries only as many riders as it's designed for, though an adult may carry a child in an attached child seat or trailer
No driver's license, title, registration or insurance
Follows the same rules of the road as a bicycle; banned from freeways
May be ridden on sidewalks, yielding to pedestrians, except in a business district unless signs allow it or where a bike lane runs alongside
In state parks and forests, allowed on roads and on trails open to bicycles, but must be pedaled, not run on throttle alone, on non-motorized trails; barred from natural areas and yellow- or orange-blazed hiking trails
A parent may not knowingly let their child break these rules; a violation is a summary offense with a $10 fine
One with pedals and an automatic transmission that exceeds these limits but has a top design speed of 25 mph or less is a motorized pedalcycle, a motor vehicle that needs a Class C driver's license

Sources

Check an e-bike in Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

An electric motorized bicycle, or electric bicycle: a two-wheeled vehicle propelled by human power, an electric motor rated at no more than 2 horsepower, or both, with a top speed of 28 mph, in one of three classes. Defined by Rhode Island General Laws §31-1-3(g), with the classes, state-property use and helmet rule added as chapter 31-19.7 by H 7713A / S 2829A (2024).

Classes recognized: Its own definition: Electric Motorized Bicycle
Motor power cap: 1,500W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Two wheels, with an electric motor rated at no more than 2 SAE horsepower (about 1,500 W) and a top speed of 28 mph
Class 1 assists only while the rider pedals and stops assisting at 20 mph
Class 2 has a throttle-actuated motor that stops assisting at 20 mph
Class 3 assists only while the rider pedals and stops assisting at 28 mph
Riders must be 16 or older
Riders and passengers under 21 must wear a CPSC-compliant helmet, on any class
Not a motor vehicle: no driver's license or registration
Has the rights and duties of a vehicle driver on the road, and may ride on highway shoulders except where bicycles are barred
Only Class 1 is allowed on state bicycle trails and paths
The Department of Environmental Management decides by regulation where e-bikes may ride on the parks and other properties it manages
Banned from sidewalks and crosswalks in New Shoreham (Block Island)
One faster than 28 mph or with a motor over 2 horsepower is a motor vehicle, not an electric motorized bicycle, and needs a license and registration

Sources

Check an e-bike in Rhode Island

South Carolina

A single category, not the three-class system: a low-speed electrically assisted bicycle with two or three wheels, fully operable pedals and a motor of no more than 750 watts that assists only while the rider pedals, to a top motor-powered speed under 20 mph. Defined by South Carolina Code §56-1-10(29), added by Act 114 of 2020, which also calls it a bicycle with a helper motor, and regulated as a bicycle by §56-5-3520.

Classes recognized: Its own definition: Electric-Assist Bicycle
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 20 mph
Throttle: Not allowed

Rules and restrictions

Two or three wheels, fully operable pedals, and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts (one horsepower)
Top motor-powered speed under 20 mph, measured with a 170-pound rider on a paved level surface
No throttle: the motor must disengage when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
No class system: South Carolina has not adopted the three-class model law
Manufacturers and distributors must permanently label it with its wattage and top assisted speed; owners may not remove or tamper with the label
Anyone who modifies it to change its speed must replace the label to match
No statewide minimum age or helmet requirement
Carries only as many riders as it's designed and equipped for
Treated as a bicycle, not a moped: no driver's license, registration or insurance
Rides by the same rules as a bicycle, including using an adjacent bicycle lane where one is provided
One whose motor exceeds 750 W, up to 1,500 W, is a moped, which needs a driver's or moped license and registration

Sources

Check an e-bike in South Carolina

South Dakota

A bicycle or tricycle with a seat, operable pedals and an electric motor of 750 watts or less, in one of three classes: Class I pedal assist to 20 mph, Class II throttle to 20 mph, and Class III pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by South Dakota Codified Laws §32-20B-9 and regulated by §§32-20B-10 to 32-20B-15.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

A bicycle or tricycle with a seat or saddle, operable pedals, and an electric motor of 750 watts or less
Class I assists only while the rider pedals and stops assisting at 20 mph
Class II can be propelled by its motor without pedaling and stops assisting at 20 mph
Class III assists only while the rider pedals, stops assisting at 28 mph, and must have a working speedometer
The motor must disengage or stop when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage; anyone who modifies its speed or propulsion must update the label
Class III riders must be 16 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one designed to carry passengers
Class III riders under 18 and all Class III passengers must wear a bicycle helmet; no statewide helmet rule for Class I or II
Not a motor vehicle: no driver's license, title or registration
Class I and Class II may ride on any bicycle or multi-use path unless the governing entity prohibits it
Class III is kept off bicycle and multi-use paths unless the path runs within or beside a roadway or the governing entity allows it
Class III may ride a nonmotorized natural-surface trail unless the managing entity prohibits or restricts it
Only Class I is allowed on the George S. Mickelson Trail, since SB 79 (2025)

Sources

Check an e-bike in South Dakota

Tennessee

A two- or three-wheeled ride with at least one wheel 20 inches or larger, fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: Class 1 pedal assist to 20 mph, Class 2 throttle to 20 mph, and Class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Tennessee Code Annotated §55-8-301 and regulated by §§55-8-302 to 55-8-307, as amended by Public Chapter 651 of 2026 (SB 1782 / HB 1712).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Two or three wheels, at least one 20 inches or more in diameter, fully operable pedals, and an electric motor of less than 750 watts
Class 1 assists only while the rider pedals and stops assisting at 20 mph
Class 2 can be propelled by its motor alone and stops assisting at 20 mph
Class 3 assists only while the rider pedals, stops assisting at 28 mph, and must have a speedometer showing mph
The motor must disengage when the brakes are applied or a switch is released, and it must meet the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
New e-bikes must carry a permanent label stating the class, top assisted speed and motor wattage; modifying one's speed without replacing the label is a misdemeanor
Class 3 riders must be 16 or older on streets and highways since July 1, 2026 (14 or older before then); a younger passenger may ride on one designed for passengers
Class 3 riders and passengers of any age must wear a CPSC or ASTM bicycle helmet
Riders and passengers under 16 must wear a bicycle helmet on any class, as on any bicycle
Not subject to motor vehicle laws: no driver's license, title, registration or insurance
Class 1 and Class 2 may ride wherever bicycles may, including bike lanes, shoulders and bicycle paths and trails, but since April 2026 a local government or state agency may regulate or ban them on any of those, including along state highways
Class 3 is kept off bicycle paths and trails unless the path runs within or beside a street or highway, or the local government or state agency allows it
Kept off sidewalks unless the local government allows bicycles there and the motor is switched off

Sources

Check an e-bike in Tennessee

Texas

A bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of fewer than 750 watts, with a top assisted speed of 28 mph or less, in one of three classes: Class 1 pedal assist to 20 mph, Class 2 throttle to 20 mph, and Class 3 pedal assist to 28 mph. Defined by Texas Transportation Code §664.001 and regulated by §§551.106–551.107, both added by HB 2188 (2019).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Fully operable pedals and an electric motor of fewer than 750 watts, with a top assisted speed of 28 mph or less
Class 1 assists only while the rider pedals, to a top assisted speed of 20 mph
Class 2 can be propelled by its motor without pedaling, to a top assisted speed of 20 mph
Class 3 assists only while the rider pedals, to a top assisted speed of more than 20 but less than 28 mph, and must be sold with a speedometer
May only be ridden if the motor disengages when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
Carries a permanent label stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage; anyone who changes its motor-powered speed or engagement must replace the label to match
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512)
Class 3 riders must be 15 or older; a younger passenger may ride on one
No statewide helmet requirement
No driver's license, title or insurance, and it can't be registered for highway use
TxDOT and local authorities may not ban it from roads used mainly by motor vehicles, or from anywhere a regular bicycle may go, except natural-surface trails closed to motor vehicles
TxDOT and local authorities may ban bicycles, e-bikes included, from sidewalks and set speed limits on bicycle paths

Sources

Check an e-bike in Texas

Utah

A bicycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of not more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: pedal-assist to 20 mph, throttle-capable to 20 mph, or pedal-assist to 28 mph. Defined by Utah Code §41-6a-102 and regulated by §41-6a-1115.5, as amended by H.B. 381 (2026), whose changes took effect May 6, 2026, with its age and safety-course rules following on May 5, 2027.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; Class 2 can propel the bike on its own but can't assist past 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling, stops at 28 mph and must have a speedometer
A programmable e-bike qualifies only if it fully meets each class's rules in that mode, and must carry a label listing the classes it can operate in
Motor output of not more than 750 watts, fully operable pedals, cranks permanently affixed at the original manufacture, and fully operable as a bicycle without the motor
Anything designed, advertised or modifiable to reach 20 mph on motor power alone, with a continuous rated motor over 750 watts, foot pegs, or pedals only via a kit is not an e-bike; one over 750 watts or faster than 20 mph on motor power is an electric motorcycle
One modified or tampered with beyond the factory speed or power settings, or made to exceed 20 mph on motor power alone, becomes a high power electric device: it's ridden under motorcycle rules, is barred from freeways, and no one under 16 may ride it on a highway
Utah-based manufacturers and distributors must permanently affix a label in at least 9-point Arial stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Until May 5, 2027: Riders under 16 may not ride a Class 3; riders under 14 need a parent's or guardian's direct supervision to ride with the motor engaged on public property, a highway, path or sidewalk
Riders under 8 may not ride with the motor engaged on public property, a highway, path or sidewalk
From May 5, 2027: Riders 8 to 15 may ride with the motor engaged on a highway only under a parent's or responsible adult's direct supervision or with a state personal electric vehicle safety certificate from an online course, and riders 16 and older ride unsupervised, Class 3 included
Since May 6, 2026, riders under 21 must wear a bicycle helmet meeting 16 CFR part 1203 on any class on a highway, except on a rented Class 1
No drinking alcohol or carrying an open container while riding any class (before May 6, 2026, only Class 2)
A peace officer who sees a rider under 18 commit a violation may hold the e-bike and release it only to a parent or guardian
Ridden under the rules for bicycles, and allowed on paths and trails designated for bicycles
A local authority or state agency may regulate or restrict e-bikes, or a single class, on sidewalks, paths and trails it controls
Not a motor vehicle or motorcycle: no driver's license or registration

Sources

Check an e-bike in Utah

Vermont

A bicycle with fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat, and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: pedal-assist to 20 mph, throttle-capable to 20 mph, or pedal-assist to 28 mph. Defined by 23 V.S.A. §4(46) and regulated by 23 V.S.A. §1136a, unchanged since Act 40 of 2021 took effect January 1, 2022.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; Class 2 can propel the bike on its own but can't assist past 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
Fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat, and a motor of less than 750 watts
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512), and the motor disengages or stops when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
A Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Manufacturers and distributors must permanently affix a label in at least 9-point Arial stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be tampered with or modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Riders under 16 may not ride a Class 3, but may ride as a passenger on one designed to carry passengers
No statewide helmet requirement
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, including highways, bike lanes and bicycle or multi-use paths, with the same rights and duties as a bicyclist
A municipality, local authority or state agency may ban Class 1 or Class 2 from a bicycle or multi-use path only after notice and a public hearing, for safety or legal reasons, and may ban Class 3 from one without a hearing
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the municipality or agency that manages it may regulate e-bike use
Not a motor vehicle: exempt from registration, inspection, title, operator's license, insurance and ATV requirements
A bicycle with an electric motor of up to 1,000 watts and a top motor speed of 20 mph that isn't an electric bicycle is a motor-assisted bicycle instead, which can't be ridden on sidewalks or by anyone under 16 on a highway

Sources

Check an e-bike in Vermont

Virginia

A vehicle on no more than three wheels with pedals, a seat and an electric motor with an input of no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: pedal-assist to 20 mph, throttle-capable to 20 mph, or pedal-assist to 28 mph. Defined by Code of Virginia §46.2-100 and regulated by §46.2-904.1.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class one assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; class two can propel the bike on its own and stops assisting at 20 mph; class three assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
No more than three wheels, pedals for human propulsion, a seat, and a motor with an input of no more than 750 watts
The motor disengages or stops when the rider stops pedaling or applies the brakes
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512), and a class three must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Manufacturers and distributors must permanently affix a label in at least 9-point Arial stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be tampered with or modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
Batteries must be spill-proof, sealed or gelled-electrolyte
Riders under 14 may ride a class three only under the immediate supervision of someone 18 or older
Every rider and passenger on a class three must wear a bicycle helmet meeting CPSC or ASTM standards; a locality may require helmets for riders 14 and under on any class
Ridden wherever bicycles are allowed, including streets, highways, shoulders, bike lanes and bicycle or shared-use paths, but never on an Interstate highway
A locality or state agency may ban class one or two from a bicycle or shared-use path only after notice and a public hearing, for safety or legal reasons, and may ban class three from one without a hearing
On a natural-surface trail designated nonmotorized, the locality or agency that manages it may regulate e-bike use
Allowed on sidewalks unless a locality bans it there by ordinance or signs prohibit it; on a sidewalk or shared-use path the rider must yield to pedestrians and give an audible signal before passing
Has a bicycle's rights and duties: no driver's license, registration, title, license plate or insurance

Sources

Check an e-bike in Virginia

Washington

A bicycle with two or three wheels, a saddle, fully operative pedals and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts, in one of three classes: pedal-assist to 20 mph, throttle-capable to 20 mph, or pedal-assist to 28 mph. Defined by Revised Code of Washington §46.04.169, as amended by ESSB 6110 (Chapter 159, Laws of 2026, effective June 11, 2026), and regulated by §46.61.710.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; Class 2 can propel the bike on its own but can't assist past 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling, stops at 28 mph and must have a speedometer
Two or three wheels, a saddle, fully operative pedals, and a motor with a power output of no more than 750 watts
Since June 11, 2026, anything capable of exceeding 20 mph on its motor alone, or designed or sold to be easily switched out of the e-bike limits by a switch, button, software setting or app, is not an e-bike; it falls under the motorcycle or moped rules instead
Manufacturers and distributors of new e-bikes must permanently affix a label in at least 9-point Arial stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage, and meet the CPSC's bicycle requirements
Must not be tampered with or modified to change its speed capability unless the label is replaced to match
Riders under 16 may not ride a Class 3
No statewide helmet requirement
Has access to highways and may be parked to the same extent as a bicycle, and is otherwise subject to the same rules as a bicycle
Class 1 and Class 2 may ride on shared-use paths and any part of a highway designated for bicycles, but local jurisdictions and state agencies may restrict or regulate them on facilities they control
Class 3 may ride on facilities within or next to a highway, but not on a shared-use path unless the local jurisdiction allows it
A Class 3 may not ride on a sidewalk unless the sidewalk is the only way through as part of a bicycle or pedestrian path, or a local ordinance allows it
Not allowed on natural-surface trails designated nonmotorized unless the local authority or state agency that manages the trail allows it
No driver's license or registration required

Sources

Check an e-bike in Washington

West Virginia

A two- or three-wheeled vehicle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of fewer than 750 watts, in one of three classes: pedal-assist to 20 mph, throttle-capable to 20 mph, or pedal-assist to 28 mph. Defined by West Virginia Code §17C-1-70 and regulated by §17C-11-8, both last amended by HB 2062 (2023).

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; Class 2 may use a throttle to propel the bike but can't assist past 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
Two or three wheels, fully operable pedals, and a motor of fewer than 750 watts
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512), and the motor stops propelling it when the rider stops pedaling or brakes
A Class 3 must have a speedometer showing its speed in miles per hour
Must not be tampered with or modified to change its motor-powered speed or its pedal-assist or throttle engagement; one modified past the limits is no longer an electric bicycle, except when ridden only on the owner's own property
No minimum operator age
Riders and passengers under 15 must wear a bicycle helmet, under the Child Bicycle Safety Act
No riding under the influence of alcohol or controlled substances
Class 1 and Class 2 have a traditional bicycle's rights and duties on roads and trails, including public lands, wherever traditional bicycles are allowed
A Class 3 may not ride on a bicycle path, multi-use trail or single-use trail unless it's within a highway or roadway, or the municipality, local authority or state agency that manages it allows it
Never allowed anywhere traditional bicycles are prohibited; private property owners may allow or restrict it
No registration, title, driver's license or insurance

Sources

Check an e-bike in West Virginia

Wisconsin

A bicycle with fully operative pedals and an electric motor of 750 watts or less, in one of three classes: pedal-assist to 20 mph, throttle-capable to 20 mph, or pedal-assist to 28 mph. Defined by Wisconsin Statutes §340.01(15ph) and regulated by §346.806, both created by 2019 Wisconsin Act 34.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; Class 2 may be powered by the motor alone but can't assist past 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
Fully operative pedals and a motor of 750 watts or less
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512), and the motor stops providing power when the brakes are applied or the rider stops pedaling
A Class 3 must have a speedometer that reasonably accurately shows its speed in miles per hour
Manufacturers and distributors must permanently affix a label in at least 9-point Arial stating its class, the speed at which the motor stops assisting, and motor wattage
Anyone who modifies it so its class changes must affix a revised label to match
Riders under 16 may not ride a Class 3, but may ride as a passenger on one designed to carry passengers
No statewide helmet requirement
Has a bicycle's rights and duties, and is a vehicle to the same extent as a bicycle
May be ridden with the motor on along bikeways, but a municipality or county may ban that by ordinance, and the Department of Natural Resources by rule, on bikeways it controls
Not a motor vehicle or motor bicycle: no operator's license, registration, title or insurance

Sources

Check an e-bike in Wisconsin

Wyoming

A bicycle or tricycle with fully operable pedals, a seat or saddle, and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, in one of three classes: pedal-assist to 20 mph, throttle-capable to 20 mph, or pedal-assist to 28 mph. Defined by Wyoming Statutes §31-1-101(a)(xxxiv) and regulated by §31-5-707, both from SF 81 (2019), effective July 1, 2019.

Classes recognized: Classes 1, 2, and 3
Motor power cap: 750W
Top assisted speed: 28 mph
Throttle: Allowed

Rules and restrictions

Class 1 assists only while pedaling and stops at 20 mph; Class 2 can propel the bike without pedaling but can't assist past 20 mph; Class 3 assists only while pedaling and stops at 28 mph
Two or three wheels, fully operable pedals, a seat or saddle, and a motor of less than 750 watts
Meets the CPSC's bicycle requirements (16 CFR part 1512), and the motor assist stops when the rider stops pedaling, brakes or disengages the motor
Manufacturers and distributors must permanently affix a label in at least 9-point type stating its class, top assisted speed and motor wattage
Must not be modified to change its motor-powered speed or engagement unless the label is replaced to match
No statewide minimum age or helmet requirement
The rider has the rights and duties of the driver of any vehicle, as a bicyclist does
Motorists passing one must leave at least three feet where space allows
A local authority or state agency may regulate any class on trails it manages, including natural-surface nonmotorized trails
Local authorities may regulate e-bike operation on their streets and may require e-bikes to be registered and licensed, for a fee
Not a motor vehicle, moped, motorcycle or motor-driven cycle: no driver's license, state registration, title, insurance or off-road recreational vehicle rules

Sources

Check an e-bike in Wyoming

Know your e-bike rules.

E-bike classes, explained

Class 1

Class 2

Class 3

Not an e-bike

Buying an e-bike for your child?

Check the age rules

Start with Class 1

Make sure they can handle it

Learn the local rules together

Buy UL-certified and charge safely

Register the bike

Why UL certification matters

What certification involves

Why uncertified bikes are being banned

How to check a bike

Registered bikes are recovered 2× more often when stolen. Registration is free.

E-bike laws by state

Alabama

Rules and restrictions

Sources

Alaska In review

Arizona

Rules and restrictions

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Arkansas

Rules and restrictions

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California

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Colorado

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Connecticut

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Delaware

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District of Columbia

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Florida

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Georgia

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Hawaii

Rules and restrictions

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Idaho

Rules and restrictions

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Illinois

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Indiana

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Iowa

Rules and restrictions

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Kansas

Rules and restrictions

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Kentucky

Rules and restrictions

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Louisiana

Rules and restrictions

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Maine

Rules and restrictions

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Maryland

Rules and restrictions

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